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Types of cliffs and hills |
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xlsx date of update: 2024-08-31 10:06:36
quantity: 98
quantity: 98
| Code | Name | Description |
| ASPH | Asphalt lake | A small basin containing naturally occurring asphalt |
| ATOL | Atoll(s) | A ring-shaped coral reef which has closely spaced islands on it encircling a lagoon |
| BAR | Bar | A shallow ridge or mound of coarse unconsolidated material in a stream channel, at the mouth of a stream, estuary, or lagoon and in the wave-break zone along coasts |
| BCH | Beach | A shore zone of coarse unconsolidated sediment that extends from the low-water line to the highest reach of storm waves |
| BCHS | Beaches | A shore zone of coarse unconsolidated sediment that extends from the low-water line to the highest reach of storm waves |
| BDLD | Badlands | An area characterized by a maze of very closely spaced, deep, narrow, steep-sided ravines, and sharp crests and pinnacles |
| BLDR | Boulder field | A high altitude or high latitude bare, flat area covered with large angular rocks |
| BLHL | Blowhole(s) | A hole in coastal rock through which sea water is forced by a rising tide or waves and spurted through an outlet into the air |
| BLOW | Blowout(s) | A small depression in sandy terrain, caused by wind erosion |
| BNCH | Bench | A long, narrow bedrock platform bounded by steeper slopes above and below, usually overlooking a waterbody |
| BUTE | Butte(s) | A small, isolated, usually flat-topped hill with steep sides |
| CAPE | Cape | A land area, more prominent than a point, projecting into the sea and marking a notable change in coastal direction |
| CFT | Cleft(s) | A deep narrow slot, notch, or groove in a coastal cliff |
| CLDA | Caldera | A depression measuring kilometers across formed by the collapse of a volcanic mountain |
| CLF | Cliff(s) | A high, steep to perpendicular slope overlooking a waterbody or lower area |
| CNYN | Canyon | A deep, narrow valley with steep sides cutting into a plateau or mountainous area |
| CONE | Cone(s) | A conical landform composed of mud or volcanic material |
| CRDR | Corridor | A strip or area of land having significance as an access way |
| CRQ | Cirque | A bowl-like hollow partially surrounded by cliffs or steep slopes at the head of a glaciated valley |
| CRQS | Cirques | Bowl-like hollows partially surrounded by cliffs or steep slopes at the head of a glaciated valley |
| CRTR | Crater(s) | A generally circular saucer or bowl-shaped depression caused by volcanic or meteorite explosive action |
| CUET | Cuesta(s) | An asymmetric ridge formed on tilted strata |
| DLTA | Delta | A flat plain formed by alluvial deposits at the mouth of a stream |
| DPR | Depression(s) | A low area surrounded by higher land and usually characterized by interior drainage |
| DSRT | Desert | A large area with little or no vegetation due to extreme environmental conditions |
| DUNE | Dune(s) | A wave form, ridge or star shape feature composed of sand |
| DVD | Divide | A line separating adjacent drainage basins |
| ERG | Sandy desert | An extensive tract of shifting sand and sand dunes |
| FAN | Fan(s) | A fan-shaped wedge of coarse alluvium with apex merging with a mountain stream bed and the fan spreading out at a low angle slope onto an adjacent plain |
| FORD | Ford | A shallow part of a stream which can be crossed on foot or by land vehicle |
| FSR | Fissure | A crack associated with volcanism |
| GAP | Gap | A low place in a ridge, not used for transportation |
| GRGE | Gorge(s) | A short, narrow, steep-sided section of a stream valley |
| HDLD | Headland | A high projection of land extending into a large body of water beyond the line of the coast |
| HLL | Hill | A rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m |
| HLLS | Hills | Rounded elevations of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m |
| HMCK | Hammock(s) | A patch of ground, distinct from and slightly above the surrounding plain or wetland. Often occurs in groups |
| HMDA | Rock desert | A relatively sand-free, high bedrock plateau in a hot desert, with or without a gravel veneer |
| INTF | Interfluve | A relatively undissected upland between adjacent stream valleys |
| ISL | Island | A tract of land, smaller than a continent, surrounded by water at high water |
| ISLET | Islet | Small island, bigger than rock, smaller than island. |
| ISLF | Artificial island | An island created by landfill or diking and filling in a wetland, bay, or lagoon |
| ISLM | Mangrove island | A mangrove swamp surrounded by a waterbody |
| ISLS | Islands | Tracts of land, smaller than a continent, surrounded by water at high water |
| ISLT | Land-tied island | A coastal island connected to the mainland by barrier beaches, levees or dikes |
| ISLX | Section of island | |
| ISTH | Isthmus | A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land masses and bordered by water |
| KRST | Karst area | A distinctive landscape developed on soluble rock such as limestone characterized by sinkholes, caves, disappearing streams, and underground drainage |
| LAVA | Lava area | An area of solidified lava |
| LEV | Levee | A natural low embankment bordering a distributary or meandering stream; often built up artificially to control floods |
| MESA | Mesa(s) | A flat-topped, isolated elevation with steep slopes on all sides, less extensive than a plateau |
| MND | Mound(s) | A low, isolated, rounded hill |
| MRN | Moraine | A mound, ridge, or other accumulation of glacial till |
| MT | Mountain | An elevation standing high above the surrounding area with small summit area, steep slopes and local relief of 300m or more |
| MTS | Mountains | A mountain range or a group of mountains or high ridges |
| NKM | Meander neck | A narrow strip of land between the two limbs of a meander loop at its narrowest point |
| NTK | Nunatak | A rock or mountain peak protruding through glacial ice |
| NTKS | Nunataks | Rocks or mountain peaks protruding through glacial ice |
| PAN | Pan | A near-level shallow, natural depression or basin, usually containing an intermittent lake, pond, or pool |
| PANS | Pans | A near-level shallow, natural depression or basin, usually containing an intermittent lake, pond, or pool |
| PASS | Pass | A break in a mountain range or other high obstruction, used for transportation from one side to the other [See also gap] |
| PEN | Peninsula | An elongate area of land projecting into a body of water and nearly surrounded by water |
| PENX | Section of peninsula | |
| PK | Peak | A pointed elevation atop a mountain, ridge, or other hypsographic feature |
| PKS | Peaks | Pointed elevations atop a mountain, ridge, or other hypsographic features |
| PLAT | Plateau | An elevated plain with steep slopes on one or more sides, and often with incised streams |
| PLATX | Section of plateau | |
| PLDR | Polder | An area reclaimed from the sea by diking and draining |
| PLN | Plain(s) | An extensive area of comparatively level to gently undulating land, lacking surface irregularities, and usually adjacent to a higher area |
| PLNX | Section of plain | |
| PROM | Promontory(-ies) | A bluff or prominent hill overlooking or projecting into a lowland |
| PT | Point | A tapering piece of land projecting into a body of water, less prominent than a cape |
| PTS | Points | Tapering pieces of land projecting into a body of water, less prominent than a cape |
| RDGB | Beach ridge | A ridge of sand just inland and parallel to the beach, usually in series |
| RDGE | Ridge(s) | A long narrow elevation with steep sides, and a more or less continuous crest |
| REG | Stony desert | A desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of gravel and stones |
| RK | Rock | A conspicuous, isolated rocky mass |
| RKFL | Rockfall | An irregular mass of fallen rock at the base of a cliff or steep slope |
| RKS | Rocks | Conspicuous, isolated rocky masses |
| SAND | Sand area | A tract of land covered with sand |
| SBED | Dry stream bed | A channel formerly containing the water of a stream |
| SCRP | Escarpment | A long line of cliffs or steep slopes separating level surfaces above and below |
| SDL | Saddle | A broad, open pass crossing a ridge or between hills or mountains |
| SHOR | Shore | A narrow zone bordering a waterbody which covers and uncovers at high and low water, respectively |
| SINK | Sinkhole | A small crater-shape depression in a karst area |
| SLID | Slide | A mound of earth material, at the base of a slope and the associated scoured area |
| SLP | Slope(s) | A surface with a relatively uniform slope angle |
| SPIT | Spit | A narrow, straight or curved continuation of a beach into a waterbody |
| SPUR | Spur(s) | A subordinate ridge projecting outward from a hill, mountain or other elevation |
| TAL | Talus slope | A steep concave slope formed by an accumulation of loose rock fragments at the base of a cliff or steep slope |
| TRGD | Interdune trough(s) | A long wind-swept trough between parallel longitudinal dunes |
| TRR | Terrace | A long, narrow alluvial platform bounded by steeper slopes above and below, usually overlooking a waterbody |
| UPLD | Upland | An extensive interior region of high land with low to moderate surface relief |
| VAL | Valley | An elongated depression usually traversed by a stream |
| VALG | Hanging valley | A valley the floor of which is notably higher than the valley or shore to which it leads; most common in areas that have been glaciated |
| VALS | Valleys | Elongated depressions usually traversed by a stream |
| VALX | Section of valley | |
| VLC | Volcano | A conical elevation composed of volcanic materials with a crater at the top |